.. _terminals:
Terminals
=========
This section lists the terminals that can occur within simplified
sentence trees, i.e. instances of the :py:class:`SimpleTree` class. The
terminal associated with a tree node is available in the
:py:attr:`SimpleTree.terminal` property.
A terminal node always corresponds to a single token from the input text.
A typical terminal string looks like this (for instance matching
the word *hestur*)::
'no_kk_nf_et' # Noun, masculine, nominative case, singular
The terminal category, i.e. the first part of the terminal name (``no`` in the
example), is available
in the :py:attr:`SimpleTree.tcat` property. The grammatical variants of the
terminal are stored in the list :py:attr:`SimpleTree.variants`,
which is ``[ 'kk', 'nf', 'et' ]`` in the example.
To obtain the entire set of variants (features) associated with a word form,
use the property :py:attr:`SimpleTree.all_variants`.
The terminal categories and grammatical variants are listed below.
.. _categories:
Word categories
---------------
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| no | Noun (nafnorð) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| so | Verb (sagnorð) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| lo | Adjective (lýsingarorð) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| fs | Preposition (forsetning) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| nhm | Verb infinitive indicator (nafnháttarmerki, *að*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| gr | Definite article (laus greinir, *hinn/hin/hið*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| uh | Exclamation (upphrópun) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| ao | Adverb (atviksorð) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| eo | Qualifying adverb (atviksorð sem stendur með |
| | nafnorði í einkunn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| st | Conjunction (samtenging) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| stt | Connective conjunction (sem/er-samtenging) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| fn | Pronoun (fornafn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| pfn | Personal pronoun (persónufornafn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| abfn | Reflexive pronoun (afturbeygt fornafn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| person | Person name (mannsnafn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| sérnafn | Proper name (sérnafn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| entity | Proper name of recognized named entity |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| fyrirtæki | Company name (fyrirtækisnafn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| gata | Street name (götuheiti) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| to | Number word, inflectable (beygjanlegt töluorð) |
| | Only *núll, einn, tveir, þrír, fjórir* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| töl | Number word, uninflectable (óbeygjanlegt töluorð) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Number categories
-----------------
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| tala | Number |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| prósenta | Percentage |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| ártal | Year |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| raðnr | Ordinal number |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| sequence | Sequence: *1, 2, 3..., a, b, c..., i, ii, iii...* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Date and time categories
------------------------
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| dagsföst | Absolute date (year, month, day) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| dagsafs | Relative date |
| | (year, month, day - at least one value missing) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| tími | Time (hour, minute, second) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| tímapunktur| Time point |
| | (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Other
-----------
+---------------+------------------------------------------------+
| lén | *greynir.is* |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------+
| myllumerki | *#lífiðeryndislegt* |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------+
| tölvupóstfang | *gervi@greynir.is* |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------+
Punctuation
-----------
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| grm | Punctuation |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
.. _variants:
Variants
========
This section lists grammatical variants (features) that are
included as parts of terminal names, separated by underscores (``_``).
Gender
------
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| kk | Masculine (karlkyn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| kvk | Feminine (kvenkyn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| hk | Neutral (hvorugkyn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Number
------
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| et | Singular (eintala) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| ft | Plural (fleirtala) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Case
----
The *case* variants may occur with nouns, pronouns, adjectives, prepositions
and verbs (``lhþt`` and ``subj``). In the case of prepositions, the
variant indicates which case the preposition controls.
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| nf | Nominative (nefnifall) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| þf | Accusative (þolfall) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| þgf | Dative (þágufall) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| ef | Genitive (eignarfall) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Arguments
---------
Verb terminals, other than ``lhþt`` and ``subj``, indicate the number
and cases of the verb's arguments as follows::
'so_0_et_p3_gm' # No argument, singular/3rd person/active voice
'so_1_þf_et_p3_gm' # Same, but with one argument in accusative case
'so_2_þgf_þf_et_p3_gm' # Two arguments, dative and accusative
An example of a verb that matches the last terminal would be
*skrifaði* (wrote) in the sentence *"Hann skrifaði konunni bréf"*
("He wrote a letter to the woman").
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 0 | No argument |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | One argument, whose case is in the following |
| | variant |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Two arguments, whose cases are in the following |
| | two variants |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Person
------
Occurs with verbs (``so`` terminal category) only.
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| p1 | First person *(Ég er / Við erum)* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| p2 | Second person *(Þú ert / Þið eruð)* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| p3 | Third person *(Það er / Þau eru)* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Degree
------
Occurs with adjectives (``lo`` terminal category), and in the
case of ``mst`` with certain adverbs (``ao`` terminal category).
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| mst | Comparative *(stærri)* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| esb | Superlative, indefinite *(maðurinn er stærstur)* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| evb | Superlative, definite *(stærsti maðurinn)* |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Adjective object case
---------------------
Occurs with adjectives (``lo`` terminal category) only.
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| sþf | Accusative (viðstaddur *hátíðina*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| sþgf | Dative (líkur *Páli*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| sef | Genitive (fullur *orku*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Verb forms
----------
These variants occur with verbs (``so`` terminal category) only.
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| gm | Active voice (germynd) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| mm | Middle voice (miðmynd) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| nh | Infinitive (nafnháttur) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| fh | Indicative (framsöguháttur) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| bh | Imperative (boðháttur) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| vh | Subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| nt | Present tense (nútíð) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| þt | Past tense (þátíð) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| lh | | Present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
| | | (note that the ``nt`` variant will also be present) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| lhþt | | Past participle (lýsingarþáttur þátíðar) |
| | | (note that the ``þt`` variant will NOT be present) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| sagnb | Supine (sagnbót) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| sb | Indefinite (sterk beyging), |
| | only occurs with ``lhþt`` |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| vb | Definite (veik beyging), |
| | only occurs with ``lhþt`` |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| op | Impersonal verb (ópersónuleg sögn) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| subj | Verb that requires the subject's case to be |
| | non-nominative (sögn sem krefst frumlags í |
| | aukafalli) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| expl | Expletive (leppur), matches verb forms that can be used |
| | with an expletive (*það rignir*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
Noun qualifiers
---------------
These variants occur with noun terminals (``no`` category) only.
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| gr | Definite, attached to noun (viðskeyttur greinir |
| | með nafnorði) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| abbrev | Abbreviation (skammstöfun) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
Word or lemma endings
---------------------
These variants can be used to constrain matching to word forms or lemmas
with particular endings only. They are used to detect certain forms of
grammatical errors.
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| xir | Matches only words with lemmas that end with |
| | *ir* (e.g., *læknir*, *kælir*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| zana | Matches only word forms that end with |
| | *ana* (e.g., *flokkana*, *bílana*) |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------+