Terminals

This section lists the terminals that can occur within simplified sentence trees, i.e. instances of the SimpleTree class. The terminal associated with a tree node is available in the SimpleTree.terminal property.

A terminal node always corresponds to a single token from the input text.

A typical terminal string looks like this (for instance matching the word hestur):

'no_kk_nf_et'   # Noun, masculine, nominative case, singular

The terminal category, i.e. the first part of the terminal name (no in the example), is available in the SimpleTree.tcat property. The grammatical variants of the terminal are stored in the list SimpleTree.variants, which is [ 'kk', 'nf', 'et' ] in the example.

To obtain the entire set of variants (features) associated with a word form, use the property SimpleTree.all_variants.

The terminal categories and grammatical variants are listed below.

Word categories

no

Noun (nafnorð)

so

Verb (sagnorð)

lo

Adjective (lýsingarorð)

fs

Preposition (forsetning)

nhm

Verb infinitive indicator (nafnháttarmerki, )

gr

Definite article (laus greinir, hinn/hin/hið)

uh

Exclamation (upphrópun)

ao

Adverb (atviksorð)

eo

Qualifying adverb (atviksorð sem stendur með nafnorði í einkunn)

st

Conjunction (samtenging)

stt

Connective conjunction (sem/er-samtenging)

fn

Pronoun (fornafn)

pfn

Personal pronoun (persónufornafn)

abfn

Reflexive pronoun (afturbeygt fornafn)

person

Person name (mannsnafn)

sérnafn

Proper name (sérnafn)

entity

Proper name of recognized named entity

fyrirtæki

Company name (fyrirtækisnafn)

gata

Street name (götuheiti)

to

Number word, inflectable (beygjanlegt töluorð) Only núll, einn, tveir, þrír, fjórir

töl

Number word, uninflectable (óbeygjanlegt töluorð)

Number categories

tala

Number

prósenta

Percentage

ártal

Year

raðnr

Ordinal number

sequence

Sequence: 1, 2, 3…, a, b, c…, i, ii, iii…

Date and time categories

dagsföst

Absolute date (year, month, day)

dagsafs

Relative date (year, month, day - at least one value missing)

tími

Time (hour, minute, second)

tímapunktur

Time point (year, month, day, hour, minute, second)

Other

lén

greynir.is

myllumerki

#lífiðeryndislegt

tölvupóstfang

gervi@greynir.is

Punctuation

grm

Punctuation

Variants

This section lists grammatical variants (features) that are included as parts of terminal names, separated by underscores (_).

Gender

kk

Masculine (karlkyn)

kvk

Feminine (kvenkyn)

hk

Neutral (hvorugkyn)

Number

et

Singular (eintala)

ft

Plural (fleirtala)

Case

The case variants may occur with nouns, pronouns, adjectives, prepositions and verbs (lhþt and subj). In the case of prepositions, the variant indicates which case the preposition controls.

nf

Nominative (nefnifall)

þf

Accusative (þolfall)

þgf

Dative (þágufall)

ef

Genitive (eignarfall)

Arguments

Verb terminals, other than lhþt and subj, indicate the number and cases of the verb’s arguments as follows:

'so_0_et_p3_gm'        # No argument, singular/3rd person/active voice
'so_1_þf_et_p3_gm'     # Same, but with one argument in accusative case
'so_2_þgf_þf_et_p3_gm' # Two arguments, dative and accusative

An example of a verb that matches the last terminal would be skrifaði (wrote) in the sentence “Hann skrifaði konunni bréf” (“He wrote a letter to the woman”).

0

No argument

1

One argument, whose case is in the following variant

2

Two arguments, whose cases are in the following two variants

Person

Occurs with verbs (so terminal category) only.

p1

First person (Ég er / Við erum)

p2

Second person (Þú ert / Þið eruð)

p3

Third person (Það er / Þau eru)

Degree

Occurs with adjectives (lo terminal category), and in the case of mst with certain adverbs (ao terminal category).

mst

Comparative (stærri)

esb

Superlative, indefinite (maðurinn er stærstur)

evb

Superlative, definite (stærsti maðurinn)

Adjective object case

Occurs with adjectives (lo terminal category) only.

sþf

Accusative (viðstaddur hátíðina)

sþgf

Dative (líkur Páli)

sef

Genitive (fullur orku)

Verb forms

These variants occur with verbs (so terminal category) only.

gm

Active voice (germynd)

mm

Middle voice (miðmynd)

nh

Infinitive (nafnháttur)

fh

Indicative (framsöguháttur)

bh

Imperative (boðháttur)

vh

Subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)

nt

Present tense (nútíð)

þt

Past tense (þátíð)

lh

Present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)
(note that the nt variant will also be present)

lhþt

Past participle (lýsingarþáttur þátíðar)
(note that the þt variant will NOT be present)

sagnb

Supine (sagnbót)

sb

Indefinite (sterk beyging), only occurs with lhþt

vb

Definite (veik beyging), only occurs with lhþt

op

Impersonal verb (ópersónuleg sögn)

subj

Verb that requires the subject’s case to be non-nominative (sögn sem krefst frumlags í aukafalli)

expl

Expletive (leppur), matches verb forms that can be used with an expletive (það rignir)

Noun qualifiers

These variants occur with noun terminals (no category) only.

gr

Definite, attached to noun (viðskeyttur greinir með nafnorði)

abbrev

Abbreviation (skammstöfun)

Word or lemma endings

These variants can be used to constrain matching to word forms or lemmas with particular endings only. They are used to detect certain forms of grammatical errors.

xir

Matches only words with lemmas that end with ir (e.g., læknir, kælir)

zana

Matches only word forms that end with ana (e.g., flokkana, bílana)